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Research Catalog
Highest-purity research peptides, organized by what they are studied for.
42 results
Thymosin Alpha-1 (Thymalfasin) is a naturally occurring 28-amino acid peptide with a molecular weight of 3108.3 g/mol and CAS number 62304-98-7. Originally isolated from thymic tissue (Thymosin Fraction 5), it is an N-terminally acetylated peptide that plays a central role in T-cell maturation and immune system regulation. Research demonstrates Thymosin Alpha-1 enhances both innate and adaptive immune responses through multiple mechanisms. Studies show it promotes T-cell differentiation from progenitor cells, augments T-cell function through increased expression of IL-2 receptors and MHC class I molecules, stimulates dendritic cell maturation, and enhances natural killer cell cytotoxicity. It activates toll-like receptors TLR2 and TLR9, bridging innate immune recognition with adaptive immune responses. Preclinical and clinical research documents Thymosin Alpha-1’s immunomodulatory effects in infection models, with studies showing improved immune response to viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens. Research in immunocompromised models demonstrates restoration of T-cell populations and function, with particular enhancement of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses. Additional research areas include Thymosin Alpha-1’s effects on vaccine immunogenicity, with studies showing enhanced antibody responses and T-cell memory formation when co-administered with vaccines in immunocompromised subjects. Each vial contains 10mg of lyophilized Thymosin Alpha-1 at greater than 99% purity, verified by HPLC and mass spectrometry.
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Tesamorelin is a synthetic analog of human growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) consisting of the full 44-amino acid GHRH(1-44) sequence with a trans-3-hexenoic acid modification at the N-terminus. It has a molecular weight of 5136 g/mol and CAS number 218949-48-5. The modification enhances peptide stability and bioavailability while maintaining full GHRH receptor agonist activity. Research demonstrates tesamorelin binds to and activates the GHRH receptor (GHRHR) on anterior pituitary somatotroph cells, stimulating synthesis and pulsatile release of endogenous growth hormone. Unlike exogenous GH administration, tesamorelin preserves the physiological feedback mechanisms of the GH-IGF-1 axis, maintaining pulsatile secretion patterns and hypothalamic-pituitary regulatory loops. Clinical research has documented tesamorelin’s effects on visceral adipose tissue, with studies demonstrating significant reductions in trunk fat measured by CT scan. Research also shows improvements in lipid profiles including triglycerides and cholesterol ratios, as well as reductions in markers of cardiovascular risk. Studies in lipodystrophy models demonstrate selective reduction of visceral fat without significant effects on subcutaneous adipose tissue. Emerging research explores tesamorelin’s cognitive effects, with studies showing improvements in executive function and verbal memory associated with increased IGF-1 levels, particularly in populations with reduced endogenous GH secretion. Each vial contains 10mg of lyophilized tesamorelin at greater than 99% purity, verified by independent HPLC and mass spectrometry analysis.
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Thymosin Beta-4 (TB-500) is a naturally occurring 43-amino acid peptide present in virtually all human and animal cells, with particularly high concentrations in blood platelets, wound fluid, and developing tissue. It has a molecular weight of 4963 g/mol and CAS number 77591-33-4. TB-500 is the synthetic version of the active region of Thymosin Beta-4. Research has established TB-500 as a major actin-sequestering molecule in eukaryotic cells. By binding to G-actin (monomeric actin), it plays a critical role in regulating actin polymerization, which is essential for cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. This mechanism underlies its documented effects on wound repair and tissue regeneration in animal studies. In preclinical models, TB-500 has demonstrated the ability to promote endothelial cell migration and differentiation, accelerate dermal and corneal wound repair, reduce inflammatory cytokine production, and protect cardiomyocytes from oxidative stress. Studies in equine and rodent models show enhanced recovery from muscle and tendon injuries, with increased collagen deposition and reduced scar tissue formation. The peptide has also been investigated for its anti-inflammatory properties, with research showing downregulation of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines including MIP-1alpha, MIP-2, and MCP-1. Its role in hair follicle stem cell migration has been documented, with studies showing stimulation of hair growth through activation of follicular progenitor cells. Each vial contains 10mg of lyophilized TB-500 at greater than 99% purity, verified by independent HPLC and mass spectrometry testing. Supplied as a sterile, white lyophilized powder for reconstitution.
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SS-31 (Elamipretide, also known as Bendavia or MTP-131) is a synthetic mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide with the sequence D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2, a molecular weight of 639.8 g/mol, and CAS number 736992-21-5. Its alternating aromatic-cationic structure enables selective concentration in the inner mitochondrial membrane at approximately 5000-fold enrichment over extracellular concentrations. Research demonstrates SS-31 binds cardiolipin, a phospholipid unique to the inner mitochondrial membrane that is essential for electron transport chain complex organization. By stabilizing cardiolipin’s interaction with cytochrome c, SS-31 optimizes electron transfer efficiency, reduces electron leak, and decreases mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production at complexes I and III. Preclinical studies document SS-31’s protective effects in ischemia-reperfusion injury models across heart, kidney, and brain tissues. Research shows it preserves mitochondrial cristae architecture, maintains ATP synthesis capacity, and reduces apoptotic cell death during and after ischemic insults. Studies in heart failure models demonstrate improved cardiac output, reduced fibrosis, and enhanced myocardial energetics. Research in aging models shows SS-31 reverses age-related mitochondrial dysfunction, restoring organelle morphology, membrane potential, and respiratory capacity to youthful levels. Studies demonstrate improved exercise tolerance, reduced oxidative damage markers, and enhanced insulin sensitivity in aged animals. Each vial contains 10mg of lyophilized SS-31 at greater than 99% purity, verified by HPLC and mass spectrometry.
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SLU-PP-332 is a synthetic small molecule ERR (estrogen-related receptor) agonist with a molecular formula of C18H14N2O2 and molecular weight of 290.3 g/mol (CAS: 303760-60-3). It activates all three estrogen-related receptor isoforms (ERR-alpha, ERR-beta, and ERR-gamma), which are orphan nuclear receptors that regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism independently of estrogen signaling. Research demonstrates SLU-PP-332 enhances the transcriptional activity of ERRs, upregulating genes involved in fatty acid oxidation, oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Studies show treatment increases expression of PGC-1alpha target genes, cytochrome c oxidase activity, and mitochondrial DNA copy number in skeletal muscle tissue. Preclinical studies in sedentary mice show SLU-PP-332 increases exercise endurance capacity, enhances fatigue resistance, and shifts muscle fiber type composition toward oxidative (type I and IIa) fibers without exercise training. Research demonstrates these exercise-mimetic effects are accompanied by increased skeletal muscle vascularization and improved glucose disposal. Studies also document SLU-PP-332’s effects on adipose tissue metabolism, with research showing enhanced thermogenic gene expression in brown adipose tissue and browning of white adipose depots. Each vial contains 5mg of SLU-PP-332 at greater than 99% purity, verified by HPLC analysis.
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SLU-PP-332 is a synthetic small molecule ERR (estrogen-related receptor) agonist with a molecular formula of C18H14N2O2 and molecular weight of 290.3 g/mol (CAS: 303760-60-3). It activates all three estrogen-related receptor isoforms (ERR-alpha, ERR-beta, ERR-gamma), orphan nuclear receptors that regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism. Research demonstrates SLU-PP-332 upregulates genes involved in fatty acid oxidation, oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial biogenesis through enhanced ERR transcriptional activity. Preclinical studies show it increases exercise endurance capacity and shifts muscle fiber composition toward oxidative fibers without training, functioning as an exercise mimetic. This oral tablet formulation provides 500mcg per tablet in a bottle of 100 tablets, suitable for research protocols requiring precise oral dosing over extended study periods.
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Sermorelin is a synthetic 29-amino acid peptide corresponding to the first 29 amino acids of the 44-amino acid human growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). It has a molecular weight of 3357.9 g/mol and CAS number 86168-78-7. Sermorelin retains full biological activity as the minimal fragment required for GHRH receptor binding and activation. Research shows sermorelin stimulates the anterior pituitary to synthesize and secrete growth hormone through binding to GHRH receptors on somatotroph cells. Studies demonstrate it preserves the natural pulsatile pattern of GH release and maintains negative feedback through somatostatin and IGF-1 pathways. This physiological regulation distinguishes its mechanism from direct GH administration. Preclinical and clinical studies document sermorelin’s effects on body composition, with research showing increases in lean body mass, reductions in adipose tissue, and improvements in sleep architecture, particularly deep wave sleep stages associated with peak GH secretion. Research in aging models demonstrates restoration of youthful GH secretion patterns. Additional research has explored sermorelin’s effects on bone mineral density, immune function markers, and cardiovascular parameters. Studies in growth hormone deficiency models show normalization of IGF-1 levels without supraphysiological GH exposure. Each vial contains 10mg of lyophilized sermorelin at greater than 99% purity, independently verified by HPLC and mass spectrometry.
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Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide derived from the N-terminal fragment of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH 4-10) with the sequence Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro. It has a molecular weight of 813.9 g/mol and CAS number 80714-61-0. The Pro-Gly-Pro C-terminal extension enhances enzymatic stability, extending its biological half-life compared to native ACTH fragments. Research has characterized Semax as a nootropic and neuroprotective peptide with documented effects on cognitive function, neurotransmitter systems, and neuroplasticity. Studies demonstrate it upregulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) expression in the hippocampus and cortex, promoting neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity. Preclinical neuroprotection research shows Semax reduces infarct volume in cerebral ischemia models, decreases oxidative stress markers, and modulates inflammatory gene expression in neural tissue. Studies document enhanced recovery of motor and cognitive function following experimentally induced brain injury. The peptide’s mechanism involves modulation of the melanocortin system through MC3R and MC4R receptor interactions. Additional research areas include Semax’s effects on attention and memory consolidation, with studies showing enhanced performance in spatial learning and passive avoidance paradigms. Gene expression profiling reveals modulation of immune response genes, neurotransmitter receptor expression, and vascular endothelial growth factor pathways in brain tissue. Each vial contains 10mg of lyophilized Semax at greater than 99% purity, verified by HPLC and mass spectrometry analysis.
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Selank is a synthetic heptapeptide analog of the endogenous immunomodulatory peptide tuftsin, with the sequence Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro. It has a molecular weight of 751.9 g/mol and CAS number 129954-34-3. Developed at the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Selank extends tuftsin’s tetrapeptide sequence (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg) with a Pro-Gly-Pro stabilizing tail that enhances metabolic resistance. Research demonstrates Selank’s dual anxiolytic and nootropic activity through modulation of multiple neurotransmitter systems. Studies show it influences the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor TrkB, enhances serotonergic neurotransmission, and modulates GABAergic system activity. Unlike benzodiazepines, research indicates Selank does not produce sedation, tolerance, or withdrawal effects in animal models. Immunological research has documented Selank’s effects on innate immunity, including stimulation of monocyte and neutrophil function, modulation of cytokine expression (IL-6, TNF-alpha), and enhancement of natural killer cell activity. These immunomodulatory effects are attributed to its tuftsin-derived core sequence. Gene expression studies reveal Selank influences over 100 genes involved in neurotransmission, inflammation, and immune function, with particular effects on the GABA-A receptor subunit composition and enkephalin expression in hippocampal tissue. Each vial contains 10mg of lyophilized Selank at greater than 99% purity, independently verified by HPLC and mass spectrometry.
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Retatrutide is a first-in-class triple hormone receptor agonist targeting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and glucagon receptors simultaneously. With a molecular formula of C221H342N46O68, molecular weight of 4731.4 g/mol, and CAS number 2381089-83-2, it represents a novel approach to metabolic research. Research has demonstrated that retatrutide’s triple agonism produces distinct metabolic effects beyond what dual agonists achieve. The glucagon receptor component increases energy expenditure through hepatic lipid oxidation and thermogenesis, while GIP and GLP-1 receptor activation provides complementary effects on insulin secretion, appetite regulation, and gastric motility. Phase 2 clinical data showed unprecedented weight reduction compared to existing peptide therapies. Preclinical studies reveal retatrutide significantly reduces hepatic triglyceride content and improves markers of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The glucagon component drives hepatic fat mobilization and amino acid catabolism, while the incretin components maintain glycemic control despite glucagon-mediated hepatic glucose output. This balance makes it a compound of significant research interest in metabolic disease models. Each vial contains 16mg of lyophilized retatrutide at greater than 99.9% purity, verified by independent HPLC and mass spectrometry. Supplied as a sterile lyophilized powder.
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PT-141 (Bremelanotide) is a synthetic cyclic heptapeptide melanocortin receptor agonist with the sequence Ac-Nle-cyclo[Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-OH. It has a molecular weight of 1025.2 g/mol and CAS number 189691-06-3. PT-141 is a metabolite of Melanotan II, distinguished by the absence of the C-terminal amide group, which shifts its receptor selectivity profile. Research demonstrates PT-141 acts primarily through the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) in the central nervous system. Unlike PDE5 inhibitors that act peripherally on vascular smooth muscle, PT-141’s mechanism involves direct activation of hypothalamic neural pathways that modulate arousal responses. Studies show MC4R activation in the paraventricular nucleus and medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus initiates downstream signaling through oxytocin and dopamine pathways. Preclinical research documents PT-141’s effects on sexual behavior paradigms in multiple animal models, with studies showing increased lordosis quotient in female rats and enhanced erectile response in male models, including those unresponsive to PDE5 inhibitors. This central mechanism of action has made it a subject of significant research interest. Research also documents minimal effects on melanogenesis compared to Melanotan II, consistent with its reduced MC1R affinity, and limited cardiovascular effects at research-relevant doses. Each vial contains 10mg of lyophilized PT-141 at greater than 99% purity, verified by independent HPLC and mass spectrometry.
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MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA Type-c) is a mitochondria-derived peptide consisting of 16 amino acids with the sequence MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR. It has a molecular weight of 2174.6 g/mol and CAS number 1627580-64-6. MOTS-c is encoded within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene and represents a class of signaling molecules known as mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs). Research has established MOTS-c as a key regulator of metabolic homeostasis. Studies demonstrate it activates AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), the master cellular energy sensor, and modulates the folate-methionine cycle through inhibition of the de novo purine biosynthesis pathway. This leads to accumulation of AICAR, an endogenous AMPK activator, creating a metabolic signaling cascade that influences glucose uptake, fatty acid oxidation, and mitochondrial biogenesis. In preclinical models, MOTS-c administration has been studied in models of age-dependent and high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance, physical performance capacity in aged mice, and cellular stress response pathways. Studies also reveal its translocation to the nucleus under metabolic stress, where it regulates gene expression through interaction with antioxidant response elements (ARE). Research into MOTS-c’s role in aging has demonstrated declining endogenous levels with age across multiple tissues, correlating with metabolic dysfunction. Supplementation studies in aged mice show restoration of insulin sensitivity and improvement in physical performance metrics. Each vial contains 40mg of lyophilized MOTS-c at greater than 99% purity, verified by third-party HPLC and mass spectrometry analysis.
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Methylene Blue (Methylthioninium Chloride) is a synthetic phenothiazine dye with a molecular formula of C16H18ClN3S and molecular weight of 319.9 g/mol (CAS: 61-73-4). First synthesized in 1876, it has a long history in biological research as both a vital stain and a pharmacologically active compound with unique redox-cycling properties. Research has characterized Methylene Blue as an alternative electron carrier in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. At low concentrations, it accepts electrons from NADH and transfers them directly to cytochrome c, effectively bypassing complex I and III where most mitochondrial ROS are generated. This mechanism reduces superoxide production while maintaining or enhancing ATP synthesis. Preclinical neuroprotection research demonstrates Methylene Blue’s ability to improve mitochondrial function in neurodegeneration models, with studies showing reduced tau and amyloid-beta aggregation, enhanced autophagy, and improved cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease models. Research in traumatic brain injury models shows preserved mitochondrial respiration and reduced lesion volume. Additional research areas include Methylene Blue’s documented effects on memory consolidation through enhancement of cytochrome c oxidase activity in memory-associated brain regions, its antimicrobial properties through photodynamic mechanisms, and its role as a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor with implications for vasoplegic syndrome research. Supplied at research-grade purity, verified by HPLC analysis.
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Melanotan II is a synthetic cyclic heptapeptide analog of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) with the sequence Ac-Nle-cyclo[Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-NH2. It has a molecular weight of 1024.2 g/mol and CAS number 121062-08-6. Originally developed at the University of Arizona, it is a non-selective agonist of melanocortin receptors MC1R through MC5R. Research has extensively characterized Melanotan II’s activation of the melanocortin system. Studies show potent stimulation of MC1R in melanocytes, promoting eumelanin synthesis through upregulation of tyrosinase and related enzymes in the melanogenesis pathway. MC3R and MC4R activation in hypothalamic neurons influences energy homeostasis and sexual function pathways, while MC5R activation affects exocrine gland function. Preclinical research demonstrates Melanotan II’s effects on melanogenesis persist beyond the initial dosing period, with studies showing sustained increases in melanin density in skin biopsies. Research in photoprotection models has shown UV-independent melanogenesis, generating interest in dermatological and photobiology research applications. Additional research areas include its documented effects on appetite regulation through central MC4R activation, lipid metabolism in adipocyte models, and modulation of inflammatory responses through melanocortin signaling pathways. Each vial contains 10mg of lyophilized Melanotan II at greater than 99% purity, verified by HPLC and mass spectrometry. Supplied as a sterile, white lyophilized powder.
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L-Carnitine is an endogenous amino acid derivative with a molecular formula of C7H15NO3, molecular weight of 161.20 g/mol, and CAS number 541-15-1. It is biosynthesized from lysine and methionine primarily in the liver and kidneys, and plays an essential role in mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism. Research has established L-Carnitine’s primary function as the required cofactor for carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) enzymes that transport long-chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane for beta-oxidation. Without sufficient carnitine, long-chain fatty acids cannot enter the mitochondrial matrix for energy production, shifting cellular metabolism toward glucose dependence. Preclinical and clinical studies document L-Carnitine’s effects on exercise metabolism, with research showing enhanced fatty acid oxidation during submaximal exercise, reduced lactate accumulation, and improved recovery markers following high-intensity exercise. Studies also demonstrate protective effects against exercise-induced oxidative damage and muscle injury. Research in cardiovascular models shows L-Carnitine supplementation improves myocardial energetics, reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury, and enhances cardiac function in heart failure models. Studies in metabolic research demonstrate improved insulin sensitivity and glucose disposal, particularly in insulin-resistant states characterized by carnitine deficiency. Each vial contains 5000mg (5g) of L-Carnitine solution for research applications.
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KPV is a naturally occurring tripeptide consisting of Lys-Pro-Val (lysine-proline-valine), representing the C-terminal fragment (amino acids 11-13) of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH). It has a molecular weight of 342.43 g/mol and CAS number 67727-97-3. Despite being the smallest active fragment of alpha-MSH, KPV retains significant anti-inflammatory activity. Research demonstrates KPV exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of NF-kB nuclear translocation, a master regulator of inflammatory gene expression. Studies show it suppresses production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8 in multiple cell types including macrophages, keratinocytes, and intestinal epithelial cells. Preclinical studies in inflammatory bowel disease models demonstrate KPV reduces mucosal inflammation, decreases inflammatory cell infiltration, and promotes epithelial barrier integrity. Research shows it can be delivered orally in nanoparticle formulations that target inflamed intestinal tissue, with studies demonstrating therapeutic efficacy in colitis models comparable to conventional anti-inflammatory agents. Additional research areas include KPV’s antimicrobial properties, with studies showing direct bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, and its effects on wound healing through modulation of inflammatory phase duration and promotion of re-epithelialization. Each vial contains 10mg of lyophilized KPV at greater than 99% purity, verified by HPLC and mass spectrometry.
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The KLOW Blend is a multi-peptide research formulation combining four compounds with documented roles in tissue remodeling, inflammation modulation, and cellular repair: GHK-Cu (50mg), BPC-157 (10mg), TB-500 (10mg), and KPV (10mg). GHK-Cu (Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine Copper Complex) drives collagen remodeling and antioxidant enzyme upregulation through copper-dependent enzymatic pathways. BPC-157 promotes angiogenesis through VEGFR2 activation and FAK-paxillin signaling. TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4) enables cellular migration through actin sequestration and reduces inflammatory cytokine expression. KPV (Lys-Pro-Val) provides targeted anti-inflammatory activity through NF-kB pathway inhibition. The formulation targets multiple regenerative pathways simultaneously: copper-peptide mediated extracellular matrix remodeling, growth factor-driven neovascularization, thymosin-mediated cellular migration and proliferation, and melanocortin-derived anti-inflammatory signaling. This multi-mechanism approach is designed for research protocols investigating synergistic peptide interactions in tissue repair models. Each vial contains the complete blend in lyophilized form at research-grade purity, verified by HPLC analysis.
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Kisspeptin-10 is the minimal bioactive C-terminal decapeptide fragment of the full-length kisspeptin-54, with the sequence Tyr-Asn-Trp-Asn-Ser-Phe-Gly-Leu-Arg-Phe-NH2. It has a molecular weight of 1302.4 g/mol and CAS number 374675-21-5. Kisspeptin-10 retains full agonist activity at the kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R/GPR54), a G-protein-coupled receptor expressed in hypothalamic GnRH neurons. Research has established kisspeptin as the master upstream regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Studies demonstrate kisspeptin-10 directly depolarizes GnRH neurons, stimulating pulsatile release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, which in turn drives LH and FSH secretion from the anterior pituitary. This mechanism controls reproductive development, pubertal onset, and adult fertility. Preclinical and clinical research documents kisspeptin-10’s ability to potently stimulate LH pulsatility in both male and female subjects, with studies showing dose-dependent increases in LH, FSH, and downstream sex steroid hormones. Research in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism models demonstrates restoration of reproductive axis function. Additional research areas include kisspeptin’s role in metabolic-reproductive integration, with studies linking kisspeptin neurons to leptin and insulin signaling, and its documented effects on placental implantation and pregnancy maintenance. Each vial contains 10mg of lyophilized Kisspeptin-10 at greater than 99% purity, verified by HPLC and mass spectrometry.
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Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide consisting of glutamate, cysteine, and glycine, with a molecular formula of C10H17N3O6S, molecular weight of 307.33 g/mol, and CAS number 70-18-8. It is the most abundant intracellular antioxidant in mammalian cells, present at millimolar concentrations in virtually all cell types, with highest levels in the liver. Research has established glutathione’s central role in cellular defense against oxidative stress, xenobiotic detoxification, and immune function. As the cell’s primary thiol antioxidant, GSH directly scavenges reactive oxygen species and serves as the electron donor for glutathione peroxidase enzymes, which reduce hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides. The GSH/GSSG (reduced/oxidized) ratio is a key indicator of cellular redox status. Studies demonstrate glutathione’s critical role in phase II detoxification through glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes, which conjugate GSH to electrophilic xenobiotics, drugs, and endogenous metabolites for excretion. Research in hepatotoxicity models shows GSH depletion precedes and predicts cell death, while GSH repletion is protective. Preclinical research documents glutathione’s immunomodulatory effects, with studies showing it enhances T-cell proliferation, NK cell activity, and lymphocyte function. Research in aging models demonstrates declining GSH levels correlate with increased oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and immune senescence. Each vial contains 1500mg of glutathione solution for research applications.
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The GLOW Blend is a targeted multi-peptide research formulation designed for studies on dermal biology, collagen dynamics, and skin tissue remodeling. It combines peptides with documented roles in extracellular matrix synthesis, cellular turnover, anti-inflammatory signaling, and antioxidant defense. The formulation pairs copper-peptide complexes known to upregulate collagen I and III synthesis with anti-inflammatory peptide fragments that modulate NF-kB-driven inflammatory gene expression. This combination targets both the structural and inflammatory components of tissue remodeling, addressing the dual requirements of matrix construction and resolution of inflammatory signaling. Research applications include in vitro skin equivalent models, wound repair studies, and investigations into peptide-mediated regulation of fibroblast activity, keratinocyte differentiation, and extracellular matrix deposition. Supplied as a lyophilized powder at research-grade purity, verified by HPLC analysis.
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GHRP-6 (Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide-6) is a synthetic hexapeptide with the sequence His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2, a molecular weight of 873.0 g/mol, and CAS number 87616-84-0. It was among the first synthetic growth hormone secretagogues discovered and acts as a potent agonist of the ghrelin/growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR1a). Research demonstrates GHRP-6 stimulates growth hormone release from the anterior pituitary through direct activation of GHSR1a, a mechanism distinct from and synergistic with GHRH receptor activation. Studies show it suppresses somatostatin release while simultaneously stimulating GHRH release from the hypothalamus, producing robust GH pulses that exceed the response to GHRH alone. Preclinical research documents GHRP-6’s orexigenic (appetite-stimulating) effects through central ghrelin receptor activation in the arcuate nucleus, distinguishing it from more selective secretagogues like ipamorelin. Studies also show GHRP-6 influences cortisol and prolactin release, increases gastric motility, and enhances gastric acid secretion through vagal afferent pathways. Additional research has explored GHRP-6’s cytoprotective effects, with studies demonstrating cardioprotective activity in ischemia-reperfusion models, hepatoprotective effects in liver fibrosis models, and neuroprotective properties through modulation of inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. Each vial contains 5mg of lyophilized GHRP-6 at greater than 99% purity, verified by HPLC and mass spectrometry.
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GHK-Cu (Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine Copper Complex) is a naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide with the sequence Gly-His-Lys, complexed with copper(II) ions. It has a molecular weight of 400.9 g/mol and is found endogenously in human plasma, saliva, and urine. Plasma levels decline significantly with age, from approximately 200 ng/mL at age 20 to 80 ng/mL by age 60. Extensive research has demonstrated GHK-Cu’s broad biological activity in tissue remodeling. Studies show it stimulates collagen synthesis (types I and III), promotes decorin production, increases angiogenesis through VEGF and FGF-2 upregulation, and activates tissue remodeling by attracting immune cells and fibroblasts to injury sites. It has been documented to upregulate over 4,000 genes involved in tissue repair while suppressing genes associated with inflammation and tissue destruction. In dermal research models, GHK-Cu has demonstrated stimulation of glycosaminoglycan synthesis, increased elastin production, and enhancement of integrin expression on dermal fibroblasts. Studies show improved wound contraction rate, increased granulation tissue formation, and enhanced re-epithelialization. The copper ion is essential for activity, serving as a cofactor for lysyl oxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes. Research has also explored GHK-Cu’s antioxidant properties, including upregulation of superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, and other detoxification enzymes. Studies demonstrate suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 in chronic inflammation models. Each vial contains 50mg of lyophilized GHK-Cu complex at greater than 99% purity. Supplied as a blue-tinged lyophilized powder due to the copper complex.
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